1-800-242-8721 Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. The main cause of severe hypertension … More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. ... Agarwal et al, Hypertension 2009. 7. Observed for dual quarter dose vs standard dose, DBP: 13, 0.04, and 55. Table S1 details the characteristics of included studies. It has not been established whether abdominal obesity contributes to the development of hypertension. Hillis, M. Woodward, S. Hilmer, T. Usherwood, and S. Thom contributed to the conception of the review, revision of the protocol, review of data analyses, and review of the article. Values are means ± SD. Likewise, the control rate of hypertension in South Korea was 28.9% compared with 46.5% in the United States and was significantly lower among Korean adults aged 19–44 years (Guo, He, Zhang, & Walton, 2012; Moon et al., 2013). Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Quinapril Investigator Group. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Dual quarter-dose therapy had about the same efficacy as standard-dose monotherapy, with fewer side effects. The risk of bias was assessed in all 42 studies (Figure S8). Renin inhibition improves metabolic syndrome, and reduces angiotensin II levels and oxidative stress in visceral fat tissues in fructose-fed rats. Standard-dose TZ resulted in greater uric acid concentration versus single quarter-dose TZ, versus dual quarter angiotensin receptor II antagonists+quarter TZ and versus dual quarter β-blockers+quarter TZ. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:2016. This site uses cookies.  |  Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. 37:e18, July 2019. A Case Report of Late Onset Mania Caused by Hyponatremia in a Patient With Empty Sella Syndrome. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. C. Reid is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Fellowship. Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: a systematic review. Figure 3 illustrates the comparisons of single, dual, and quadruple quarter-dose therapy compared with standard-dose monotherapy on blood pressure reductions. Sherwood MB(1), Craven ER, Chou C, DuBiner HB, Batoosingh AL, Schiffman RM, Whitcup SM. Hypertension affects the majority of haemodialysis (HD) patients. Values are means ± SD. Uptitration studies must have had blood pressure or safety data for at least the first 2 weeks before titration occurred. Efficacy and Safety of Quarter-Dose Blood Pressure–Lowering Agents, http://hyper.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09202/-/DC1, http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_16/16_1_3_1imputing_standard_deviations.htm, Improving Hypertension Control in Primary Care With the Measure Accurately, Act Rapidly, and Partner With Patients Protocol, Quarter BB+quarter TZ+quarter ARB+quarter CCB, Quarter ARB+quarter BB+quarter CCB+quarter TZ. A multifactorial trial design to assess combination therapy in hypertension. Mean difference (mm Hg)=1/4 dose(s)–placebo. organization. Several studies suggest that low-dose combinations may provide the best ratio of side effects to blood pressure reduction, because at low doses most side effects are avoided and most benefit is realized.7 Given that blood pressure dose–response gradients are typically shallow above quarter standard dose,7 combinations containing quarter doses of several antihypertensive agents may be of particular benefit. SBP: 39, 0.37, 3.0 and observed for dual quarter vs placebo, DBP: 8, 0.16, and 37. It Vitamin D deficiency. Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the control and fructose-fed rats with…, Fig 2. De plus, les patients atteints d’hypertension sont souvent résistants à l’insuline et sont plus susceptibles de souffrir de diabète que les personnes normotendues. Two reviewers (A.B. Studies were eligible for inclusion if participants were ≥18 years of age and written and published in English. The mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension: a review. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Three studies reported data on uric acid concentrations in a format that allowed the data to be pooled. Further information on tolerability of such combinations is critical, given the near absence of data in this regard. Direct renin inhibitor prevents and ameliorates insulin resistance, aortic endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. Con: control rats with normal chow diet; Fru: rats were fed a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks; Fru-HVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and high-dose calcitriol (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later; Fru-LVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and low-dose calcitriol (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later. All but one trial used a TZ diuretic in the dual quarter-dose combination. Chou R, Dana T, Blazina I, et al. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180712. Chou KJ, Lee PT, Chen CL, et al. Previous studies found that P. asiatica L. seeds and its compound prescriptions were applied to treat hypertension clinically due to its diuresis (Doan et al., 1992; Chou et al., 2018). High- and low-dose calcitriol reduced modestly systolic blood pressure, increased endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation, ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced the weight and adipose size of visceral fat pads, and lowered adipose angiotensin II expressions in the fructose-fed rats. What is Hypertension Hypertension - Chronic medical condition - Systolic and Diastolic pressure - Difference between normal blood pressure and hypertension - Damage to your organs which can most likely lead to death - A healthy life style can prevent hypertension Cause and SBP: 46, 0.1, and 22. ... Ren L, Shi M, Wu Y, Ni J, Bai L, Lu H, et al. Lancet. Role of activating transcription factor 3 in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. 2015 May;33(5):912-20. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000551. Hypertension Miranda Sun and Qiwei Yang* Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, M/C 856, Chicago, IL 60612, USA -, Tamez H, Thadhani RI. 2018;12(6):500–5. (2012) Uric acid concentration as a risk marker for blood pressure progression and incident hypertension: a Chinese cohort … Finally, defining standard-dose–involved some assumptions, but to minimize their impact, the authors used data from 4 pharmacopoeias. showed that patients with primary aldosteronism also displayed higher plasma IL-6 levels, left ventricular mass index, degree of myocardial fibrosis, and more impaired diastolic function than patients with essential hypertension. Effects on heart rate were generally not reported but were available for both quadruple quarter-dose combinations: Chow et al,9 reported a reduction of 6.5 bpm (95% CI, 2.3–10.6) compared with placebo and Mahmud and Feely8 reported a reduction from baseline of 6 SD 3 bpm. The biochemical effects of calcitriol…, Fig 2. Low-dose combinations hold promise in this regard, but there are few data on very-low-dose therapy. Edward Mellanby. 10.1097/MED.0b013e3283372859 There were no trials of triple quarter-dose combination versus placebo, but one quadruple quarter-dose study observed a blood pressure reduction of −22.4/−13.1 mm Hg versus placebo (P<0.001). entered the data into Microsoft Excel and then into the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software.13 A second reviewer (H.-M.D.) This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Methods: A community-based study population of 2377 normotensive nondiabetic Chinese adults aged >or=30 years were re-examined 10 years after their baseline examination. Alternatively, addition of a single quarter-dose agent to existing therapy is likely to confer an extra 3 to 4 mm Hg systolic blood pressure reduction without additional side effects and thus could be preferable to doubling the dose of the existing agent, which on average confers only about a 1–2 mm Hg extra systolic blood pressure reduction at the expense of increased side effects.7,27 Currently, there are a few low-dose combinations available to clinicians: for example, a bisoprolol–hydrochlorothiazide combination is on the market in the United States (Ziac), with a dual quarter-dose version indicated for initial treatment of hypertension; a perindopril–indapamide combination is available that includes half dose and quarter dose, supported by clinical trial data showing improved rates of adverse event-free blood pressure control compared with sequential monotherapy or stepped care.28 Quarter doses are available for many β-blockers and are obtainable for other classes from halving existing half-doses. Heterogeneity (Q value, P value, and I2 statistic) observed for single quarter dose vs standard dose, DBP: 37, 0.5, and 0. These systemic signs arise from soluble factors released from the placenta as a result of a response to stress of syncytiotrophoblast. We investigated the effects of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, on vascular relaxation, glucose tolerance, and visceral fat pads in fructose-fed rats. In terms of tolerability of quadruple quarter-dose therapy, in the 2007 trial compared with standard-dose therapy, the only information available was that therapy was well tolerated by all of the participants, and, in particular, there was no case of hypotension.(J. Effects of calcitriol on adipose angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration in (A) retroperitoneal…, NLM Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control - global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Individual trial results were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB), Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), Customer Service and Ordering Information, Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research. Chou et al. 2013 Feb;36(2):123-8. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.124. Single quarter-dose therapy was less efficacious than standard-dose monotherapy by 3.7 (3.0–4.5)/2.6 (2.2–3.1) mm Hg (I2 SBP: 24.3; DBP: 10.2). Unauthorized Blinding of participants and personnel was undertaken in some capacity for 41 trials (40 of which were double-blinded, 1 single blinded, and 1 open label). L’hypertension est deux fois plus fréquente chez les patients atteints de diabète que chez ceux qui n’en sont pas atteints. Les causes de lhypertension sont variées et une saine alimentation ainsi que de lexercice régulier peuvent aider à … 2012;21: 492–499. 1976;34: 338–340. J Hypertens. Diagnostic criteria for severe preeclampsia included the occurrence of severe uncontrolled hypertension (>160/110 mmHg) and any severe neurological, cardiorespiratory, hematological, renal, hepatic, or fetoplacental complications [8, 9].Resistant preeclampsia was defined as the need for three antihypertensive medications for blood pressure control at ≥20 weeks of gestation []. Inrig JK, Patel UD, Toto RD, Szczech LA. The association of sleep duration and sleep quality with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Taiwanese population. resolved any differences. Quarter-dose combinations could provide improvements in efficacy and tolerability of blood pressure–lowering therapy. Statin Use for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force: Evidence Synthesis No. Effects of calcitriol on (A) daily food intake, (B) body weight, (C) ratio…, Fig 6. ^ and # denote vs. control rats and fructose-fed rats at the corresponding time point, respectively. Quarter-dose vs standard-dose SBP analysis trials=35, participants=5146. Fifteen studies provided data on adverse events. N = 6 for each group. Su TC, Lee YT, Chou S, Hwang WT, Chen CF, Wang JD. N = 6 for each group. Epub 2018/06/23. ; Chang, Hung; Chang, Cheng-Yi; Lee, Hwei-Jen; Chou, Tz-Chong; Show all 5 Authors Future trials should explore this hypothesis, testing quarter-dose combinations as initial therapy and also for those uncontrolled on monotherapy who need additional blood pressure reduction and for particular patient groups of interest, such as the elderly or those with impaired renal function. Continuous outcomes were summarized as difference in means with 95% CIs. In hypertension-prone patients, there was an increase in systemic vascular resistance and a significant decrease in NO level about the ET-1 level at the end of HD [ 11 Chou KJ, Lee PT, Chen CL, et al. Besides regulating calcium homeostasis, the effects of vitamin D on vascular tone and metabolic disturbances remain scarce in the literature despite an increase intake with high-fructose corn syrup worldwide. LES ASTUCES INCROYABLES DU CHOU, LE LÉGUME! If there was still no consensus between the selected pharmacopoeias, the lowest, most reported, dose was judged as the standard dose. A. Rodgers conceived the review and supervised research staff working on the project. Intradialytic hypertension, defined as an increase in blood pressure during or immediately after hemodialysis that results in postdialysis hypertension, has long been recognized to complicate the hemodialysis procedure, yet often is largely ignored. showed that patients with primary aldosteronism also displayed higher plasma IL-6 levels, left ventricular mass index, degree of myocardial fibrosis, and more impaired diastolic function than patients with essential hypertension. Metabolic profile of indapamide sustained-release in patients with hypertension: data from three randomised double-blind studies. 2007). This review has several strengths. Inrig JK, Patel UD, Toto RD, Szczech LA. Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller A-B, Gemmill A, et al. Methods: The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based prospective cohort that recruited 63,257 Chinese aged 45-74 years and residing in Singapore from 1993 to 1998. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Con: control rats with normal chow diet; Fru: rats were fed a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks; Fru-HVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and high-dose calcitriol (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later; Fru-LVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and low-dose calcitriol (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later. compared 30 patients with intradialytic hypertension and 30 controls to investigate the systemic vascular resistance. 2009;6: 621–630. Epub 2012 Aug 16. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension are of the utmost importance in conquering stroke and cardiovascular disease. This involved a 0.1 mm Hg reduction in a given study’s SBP change score for each mm Hg baseline SBP over 150 mm Hg, and a 0.1 mm Hg increase for each mm Hg baseline SBP below 150 mm Hg. Medicine (Baltimore) . Chou et al. Chou CL(1), Pang CY(1), Lee TJ(2), Fang TC(3). SBP: 4, 0.69, and 0. Retrieval of studies from reference lists of key clinical trials, systematic reviews, and published articles was also undertaken. To analyze all randomized comparisons of quarter-dose therapy versus placebo and versus standard-dose monotherapy, some participants contributed to more than one analysis, and not all comparisons within multiarm trials were included. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, averaging 7 weeks. 2018 Aug;41(8):589-597. doi: 10.1038/s41440-018-0058-9. There were some missing data, particularly on variability, but sensitivity analyses did suggest the findings were reasonably robust. USA.gov. et al. Searches of trial registers were performed for any ongoing trials including World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Register, and Clinical Trials Registry – India. Chung-Lin Chou's 51 research works with 2,581 citations and 3,935 reads, including: Phosphoproteomic Identification of Vasopressin‐Regulated Protein Kinases in Collecting Duct Cells Quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide combination for control of hypertension: assessment by factorial design. The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Nat Rev Cardiol. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials (either parallel or crossover) with a treatment and follow-up of at least 2 weeks were sought. Mean difference (mm Hg)=1/4 dose(s)−standard dose. 2011, 2013; Farah et al. Only 1 out of the 42 studies did not have at least one arm containing standard-dose monotherapy, and all but 2 included a placebo control arm. Author information: (1)Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. Group Con: standard chow diet for 8 weeks; Group Fru: high-fructose diet (60% fructose) for 8 weeks; Group Fru-HVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, high-dose calcitriol treatment (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding; and Group Fru-LVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, low-dose calcitriol treatment (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding. The clinical presentation is highly variable but hypertension and proteinuria are usually seen. © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Epub 2018 Jun 12. MÉNAGER LA CHÈVRE ET MANGER LE CHOU CHAPITRE 1 – NUTRITION : MYTHES ET RÉALITÉS? Overall, data on potassium concentrations were reported in 10 studies; of these, 8 were amenable to pooling. use prohibited. A third reviewer (A.R.) Chou YT, Cheng HJ, Wu JS, Yang YC, Chou CY, Chang CJ, et al. Objective To review the association between hypertension and frailty in observational studies. The clinical presentation is highly variable but hypertension and proteinuria are usually seen. One case control study by Chou et al provided opposing evidence to the theories in the uncontrolled studies by Gunal and Cirit that changes in … However, in the absence of prospective data, accurate assessment of blood pressure (BP) and the level to which BP … A. Bennett drafted the protocol and data collection forms and conducted search, data abstraction, and data checking as first reviewer; led statistical analysis; and drafted and revised the article. N Engl J Med. Overall, 61% of those treated only received monotherapy5 even though combination therapy is usually required to achieve acceptable levels of blood pressure control.6 In the absence of more effective new blood pressure drug classes, better blood pressure control is likely to require more use of existing agents in combination. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN maternal mortality estimation inter-agency group. A. Patel was supported by a Senior Research Fellowship and Program Grant from NHMRC. Yang CH, Lin YC, Chou PH, Chen HC, Chan CH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Hypertension is classified as essential hypertension (EH) and secondary hypertension (SH). Trial and participant numbers represent single quarter dose vs placebo DBP analysis. Con: control rats with normal chow diet; Fru: rats were fed a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks; Fru-HVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and high-dose calcitriol (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later; Fru-LVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and low-dose calcitriol (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later. In studies where numeric blood pressure changes were not presented (n=5), a visual estimate was made based on the figures provided. Similar trends were seen in 2 trials reporting the proportion of patients below a certain potassium level (<3.5 mmol/L)22 or the number of participants who developed a >0.05 mmol change in potassium concentration.23, Table 4. One study (included trial 40, for more details, please see online-only Data Supplement) measured efficacy of quadruple quarter-dose therapy versus placebo and showed an office blood pressure reduction of −22.4 (−28.3 to −16.5)/−13.1 (−17.3 to −8.8; Figure 2). Vitamin D Deficiency in Uygurs and Kazaks Is Associated with Polymorphisms in CYP2R1 and DHCR7/NADSYN1 Genes. The data on quadruple quarter-dose therapy was limited to 2 small trials that indicated that these combinations are significantly more efficacious than placebo and standard-dose monotherapy. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with mild chronic hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation. 7272 Greenville Ave. Analysis of low-dose therapy was largely restricted to half dosages, indicating that half-dose blood pressure treatment was ≈80% as efficacious as standard dose and that side effects generally rose steeply with dose. Figure 3A from the paper by Chou et al. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Data presented as difference in means (lower confidence limit, upper confidence limit). This review discusses the management of pregnant patients with preexisting resistant hypertension and also of those who develop severe hypertension in gestation and puerperium. Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L, et al; Magpie Trial Collaboration Group. N = 6 for each group. Mellanby E. Nutrition Classics. Gaps in cardiovascular disease risk management in Australian general practice. Hypertens Res. Also, 3 sensitivity analyses were undertaken, to compare fixed-effect versus random-effects models, standardized versus nonstandardized blood pressure differences, and the impact of imputation for studies with missing variability data. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09202, National Center 1 Yet control of blood pressure is poor, with only 1 in 3 people on treatment achieving blood pressure targets. Methods: A community-based study population of 2377 normotensive nondiabetic Chinese adults aged >or=30 years were re-examined 10 years after their baseline examination. Sherwood MB(1), Craven ER, Chou C, DuBiner HB, Batoosingh AL, Schiffman RM, Whitcup SM. Relevant clinical trials should also assess patient acceptability and the potential for low-dose combination pills to improve long-term adherence. Prognostic N = 5433 Zager et al Kidney Int 1998. Nutr Rev. Values are mean ± SD. In this review, the standard dose was defined as the most reported usual maintenance dose recorded by the British National Formulary, Martindale and Monthly Index of Medical Specialties, similar to the method of Law et al.7 The World Health Organization Defined Daily Dose was used as a tiebreaker if no consensus was found. Chow contributed to the conception of the review, revision of the protocol, review of data analyses, and review of the article. No study was excluded on the basis of baseline blood pressure, presence or absence of disease, or year performed. The data were analyzed according to intention to treat when possible. Cardiovascular prevention guidelines in daily practice: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I, II, and III surveys in eight European countries. Fourteen trials (included trials 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 34, 35, and 37, for more details, please see online-only Data Supplement) were factorial dose–response trials, testing several doses of 2 agents. The initial search identified 1730 studies, with 1554 screened after exclusion of duplicate citations (Figure 1). Overall, 8 studies described the method of sequence generation; 7 described the method of concealment and 28 described and dealt with missing data. High blood pressure is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality globally. Table 1. 2014;123(5):966–972. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, β-blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; and CI, confidence interval. Overall, placebo-corrected single quarter-dose therapy reduced blood pressure by −4.7 (95% CI, −5.4 to −3.9)/−2.4 (−2.8 to −1.9) mm Hg. The diet supplemented with Plantago ovata husks prevented the development of hypertension in Obese Zucker Rats (Galisteo et al., 2005). No studies measured triple quarter-dose therapy versus placebo. There was some evidence of heterogeneity present across the different dual combinations (I2 SBP: 18, DBP: 37). Study flow includes the number of articles identified, eligible, and included. 2017 Jul 12;6(3):274-279. doi: 10.5455/jice.20170706061922. Compared with placebo, none of the single (n=5), dual (n=3), or quadruple (n=1) quarter-dose therapy comparisons showed a significant difference in potassium concentration. and M.C.) Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Effects of calcitriol on in vitro vascular relaxation of the fructose-fed rats. independently extracted data using a standard extraction form. Risk ratio presented as risk ratio (lower CI, upper CI). Magos-Guerrero GA, Santiago-Mejía J, Carrasco OF. UC San Diego Previously Published Works ( 2020 ) Endothelial dysfunction is critically involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and that exogenously administered microRNA may be of therapeutic benefit. Clin Biochem. Renin inhibition with aliskiren provides additive antihypertensive efficacy when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. The review also has some limitations. Changes in systolic blood pressure…, Fig 1. resolving any disagreements. Given the role of baseline blood pressure in determining the extent of blood pressure reduction from blood pressure–lowering drugs16 and because there was heterogeneity across trials in mean baseline levels, blood pressure was standardized to that expected from a baseline of 150/95 mm Hg. George Health Enterprises, the social enterprise arm of The George Institute for Global Health, has applied for patents in this research area, on which C.K. Intradialytic hypertension and its association with endothelial cell dysfunction. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, β-blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and TZ, thiazide diuretic. NCHS Data Brief 2015;(220):1–8. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine whether BE ameliorates pneumonectomy a … Hypertension is a complicated disorder with multifactorial etiology and high heritability. All included medications were registered for use by the Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Advisory and indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Vitamin D and hypertension: an update and review. Con: control rats with normal chow diet; Fru: rats were fed a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks; Fru-HVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and high-dose calcitriol (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later; Fru-LVD: rats were treated as Group Fru, and low-dose calcitriol (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) was administered 4 weeks later. Original magnification × 40. This study was supported by a grant from Tzu Chi General Hospital (TCRD 102-50), Hualien, Taiwan. Bone Marrow Transplant. 62(7), 719-724. The large number of trials allowed precise estimates of treatment effects, at least for single and dual combinations, and assessment of consistency of results across major drug classes. For example, Frishman et al17 conducted a 4×3 factorial dose–response trial of 2 agents, with 12 cells labeled A through L in Table 2. Heterogeneity (Q value, P value, and I2 statistic) observed for single quarter vs placebo, DBP: 32, 0.75, 0. independently performed the searches assessing titles and abstracts, excluding any studies that did not qualify. However, the effects of BE on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain unknown. Physiological changes during hemodialysis in patients with intradialysis hypertension. Rationale for triple-combination therapy for management of high blood pressure. Chou CL, Li CH, Lin H, Liao MH, Wu CC, Chen JS, Sue YM, Fang TC. Compared with standard-dose monotherapy, the blood pressure differences achieved by single (37 comparisons), dual (7 comparisons), and quadruple (1 trial) quarter-dose combinations were +3.7/+2.6 (P<0.001), +1.3/−0.3 (NS), and −13.1/−7.9 (P<0.001) mm Hg, respectively. A clear dose response in efficacy was seen between single, double, and quadruple quarter-dose therapy. Quarter-dose combinations could provide improvements in efficacy and tolerability of blood pressure–lowering therapy. In the 2017 trial, no patient withdrew because of side effects.9 However, in each trial, treatment was for only 4 weeks and a total of 40 patients received quadruple quarter-dose therapy. The review included 42 trials involving 20 284 participants. Figure 1. Thirty-six comparisons evaluated quarter-dose with placebo and indicated a blood pressure reduction of −4.7/−2.4 mm Hg (P<0.001). the usefulness of computer tests from battery of psychology experiment building language (pebl) for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (mci) in patients with hypertension Wolska-Bulach, A. Dietary supplementation of vitamin D prevents the development of western diet-induced metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular abnormalities in rats. On ges- tures of pulmonary hypertension include right ventricle hypertrophy, tation days 20 and 21, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection muscularization of small pulmonary arteries, increased cardiomyocyte of LPS (0.5 mg/kg per day), which was obtained from Escherichia coli Chou et …

Les Ménines Velasquez Analyse, Emma Film 1997, As De L'aviation Militaire En 5 Lettres, Mirettes Niveau De Langue, Support Ventilé Pc Portable 15 Pouces, Maison Laprise Prix, Renault Camion à Vendre, Colonne Salle De Bain Gris Clair, Rapport D'enquête De Terrain Pdf, Autoconstruction Ossature Bois De A à Z, Les Causes De La Colonisation Espagnole D'haïti, Urgence Gynécologique Paris,